Unconditioned Response And Conditioned Response Physical Education Essay

Unconditioned Response And Conditioned Response Physical Education Essay As per Pavlov, explicit terms start to be utilized to portray molding, for example, unconditioned reaction and adapted reaction. In view of Ivan Pavlovs explore, the common reaction to nourishment for a pooch is to salivate. This is called unconditioned reaction (UCR) to the unconditioned boost (UCS), which for this situation is the food. At that point, an unbiased upgrade (NS; ringer) goes with the procedure. By rehashing this procedure, there will be an adapted reaction (CR) of salivating with the negligible sound of the ringer. Thusly the clicking upgrade currently has become molded boost (CS), which can draw an adapted reaction. As per Martin and Pear (2005), there are a few highlights that expansion the adequacy of traditional molding. One of it is that there must be various pairings just between the CS and the UCS so as to expand the effectives of the CS to incite reaction from the CR (most noteworthy intensity). Also, the CS and UCS must be improvements that are introduced in its most extreme force so the molding will be more grounded. Morsella (2010) clarifies that old style molding can be found around us from the time we were conceived. She depicts that the preferring we have for food that looks fake and doesn't have any smell, for example, candies and particular sorts of confections are because of the impacts of traditional molding. Another use of traditional molding is to treat little children and grown-ups with Enuresis, and overseeing fear utilizing foundational desensitization in psychotherapy. Aside from that, old style molding is likewise relevant in the promoting segment. The utilization of the standards of old style molding in the three segments will be additionally talked about in this paper. One of the most pioneer commitments of traditional molding in the clinical setting is to treat kids and grown-ups who are experiencing enuresis. As indicated by Gross and Dornbush (1983) one type of enuresis that is normal among kids who are somewhere in the range of 5 and 14 years old is nighttime enuresis, influencing for the most part young men than young ladies. They clarified that nighttime enuresis is the demonstration of consistent bed-wetting around evening time during rest regardless of being potty prepared. This conduct is viewed as an enuresis on the off chance that it happens in any event a couple of times in a month without recognizable physiological reason. It has been talked about that nighttime enuresis causes numerous shared and mental quandaries as the kids won't have any desire to go through the night from home because of dread of humiliation. Lemelin and Lemelin (1989) portrays the consequences of utilizing numerous types of treatment in managing nighttime enuresis and have distinguished that enuresis alert is the best treatment accessible. As per Schmitts clarification (as refered to in Lemelin, 1989) clarified how enuresis caution works and its relationship with the standards of traditional molding. An enuresis caution is connected to the front bit of the childs clothing making it helpful to be conveyed along during voyaging. At the point when a couple of pee beads fall on the gadget, the two cathodes get associated setting off the alert. The sound made stirs the youngster, which naturally prompts the kid to control the bladder and stop the way toward peeing. At that point, the youngster can go to the latrine to finish the pee procedure. The adequacy of this treatment might be seen with various preliminaries like the instance of Ivan Pavlovs hounds. Beginning stages (half a month), the kid would just be wakeful once the individual has totally peed. A little while from that point forward, the youngster would wake up partially through the way toward peeing because of the alert, consequently empowering the kid to get the bladder muscles to stop pee, and proceed in the latrine. Because of rehashing this procedure, over the long haul the youngster will wake up by the simple sentiment of needing to pee as opposed to the sound delivered by the alert after pee. The condition improves in one month and complete fix is accomplished inside three to four months. Anyway the youngster should put on the clothing with the enuresis caution until dry evenings are accomplished sequentially for three weeks. first Step Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Caution (sound) Unconditioned Stimulus (UCR) Awakening second Step UCS (on various occasions) combined with Caution (sound) Unbiased Stimulus to Conditioned Boost (CS) Full bladder (need to pee) Adapted Response (CR) Awakening Numerous investigations have discovered that the utilization of enuresis caution has helped youngsters experiencing any type of enuresis, for example, nighttime enuresis and monosymtomatic nighttime enuresis. Ozgur, Ozgur, Dogan and Orun (2009) has directed an examination on the adequacy of enuresis alert in helping 40 youngsters ages 6 to 16 years of age with monosymptomatic nighttime enuresis to the degree of bed-wetting at any rate multiple times in seven days. All the members were advised to utilize the alert for 12 weeks. The guardians and kids were indicated how the caution responds to pee. They possibly thought to be a people treatment as being fruitful in the event that they figured out how to keep their bed dry for 14 days continously. In the mean time, an individual is said to have backslid on the off chance that they wet their bed one night or more in seven days. The outcomes after the underlying 12 weeks of utilizing the alert demonstrated that 27 out of 40 patients kept their beds dry effectively. During the three-month follow-up of as yet utilizing the caution at sleep time, it was discovered that lone 9 of the underlying achievers remained dry, while 18 of them backslid. In the ensuing three-month development, 7 of the 18 backslid members indicated victories. At long last after an additional three months, out of the 7 fruitful members, 4 of them accomplished dry evenings. Altogether, 13 of them remained dry and figured out how to get their enuresis rewarded. This framework works similarly as clarified by Schmitts clarification (as refered to in Lemelin, 1989). The aftereffects of this investigation are viewed as acceptable by Rocha, Costa and Silvares (2008). They clarified that during an extensive stretch of treatment utilizing alert, the familys level of inspiration, financial status and conditions at home assume an immense job in keeping things reliable given that the caution must be utilized every day as a matter of course. Enuresis can be be tter overseen without the dependence of prescription as peeing is a typical substantial capacity that should be controlled ordinarily during rest and as such the utilization of enuresis caution is a superior long haul arrangement as it is completed for extensive stretch of time. In the end the youngster will figure out how to wake up from rest the exact second the sentiment of voiding shows up, which is the typical reaction anticipated from the human physiological framework. Notwithstanding the examination above, Berg, Forsythe and McGuire (1982) directed an investigation on 54 youngsters (35 young men and 9 young ladies) on how they reacted with the cushion and chime framework for at first a month prior broadening their treatment for an additional five months. The cushion and ringer framework works similarly as the enuresis alert where the caution, which is the unconditioned upgrade incites a reaction of awakening (unconditioned reaction). After some time, when full bladder (nonpartisan upgrade) is combined with the chime sound created by the cushion and ringer framework, the full bladder turns into the adapted boost for the molded reaction of awakening. They were additionally intrigued to consider the impacts of Maximum Functional Bladder Capacity (MBC) and the childs emotional issues utilizing the Rutter A (parent) Scale to decide the result of the treatment for enuresis. Before the cushion and ringer framework was acquainted with the youngsters, they were wetting their beds at evenings at a normal of multiple times in 28 days. Be that as it may, after the cushion and chime approach, on normal the youngsters were found to just wet their beds roughly multiple times in about a month. Their treatment approach in managing the childrens enuresis worked for 34 out of the 54 youngsters, which could be considered as a 63% achievement rate. They likewise found that those youngsters who had flopped in reacting to the treatment had higher scores on the Rutter A Scale showing the degree of the childrens enthusiastic insecurity. In this manner it could be comprehended that the staying 20 kids who didn't react to the treatment might be influenced inwardly, subsequently forestalling them to react like different kids who are experiencing nighttime enuresis. In spite of the fact that it has been demonstrated that enuresis alert has been viable for some kids, the way that each youngster is experiencing contrast conditions must be mulled over, and along these lines expecting a summed up reaction may not be precise. Given the correct methodology and condition, each kid will have the option to react decidedly towards the treatment for enuresis utilizing the alert framework. The child rearing style is additionally similarly significant, given the job of guardians in awakening the youngster when the caution begins in the first place arranges. In families that training careless child rearing, it is impossible for the guardians to step up to the plate and wake up and alert the youngster. In that capacity, these variables ought to likewise be considered to evaluate the viability of the treatment of enuresis utilizing the alert framework. The following region that generally utilizes the standards of old style molding is the promoting area. Gorn (1982) directed an investigation on 244 understudies to comprehend the impacts of outer factors, for example, ambient sounds and setting to impact the attractiveness of an item. He discloses that individuals will in general react emphatically towards an item that is being publicized if the commercial grabs their eye and makes a charming inclination by method of eye-getting hues, dazzling music and funniness. Along these lines, the highlights of the notice go about as unconditioned improvement, while, the item goes about as a molded boost in the wake of watching them together on numerous occasions to create a positive sentiment (unconditioned and adapted

Maori Culture for Human Resource Management - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theMaori Culture for Human Resource Management. Answer: At the point when the scout needs to pick just two contender for the activity in an IT administration association out of the given four up-and-comers, at that point the enrollment specialist must select the applicant who has a place with the maori gathering and the other individual ought to be the Indian competitor. The administration should enroll these two applicants as, the competitor from maori subculture gathering, is tragically is viewed as a regressive class in the place that is known for New Zealand and they are denied of numerous cutting edge offices and social protections (Te Huia Liu, 2012). For this situation, it is seen that the maori up-and-comer has underneath normal capability because of different mistreatments and absence of chances, yet the individual in question has an excitement to prevail throughout everyday life and this sort of enthusiasm can drive the contender to accomplish something past the desire, to demonstrate what they are able to do. Then again, the In dian competitor likewise should be enlisted as he has all the essential capabilities to get chose however he has work experience just in his own nation (Orange, 2015). In this circumstance the association has just picked the maori up-and-comer notwithstanding his absence of required capability to allow him to feature their abilities however for picking the subsequent competitor, they needed to remember it that they ought not bargain with capability (Sorrenson, 2013). In this manner the Indian up-and-comer turns into the programmed decision. The Indian applicant probably won't be acclimated with the method of working in New Zealand, however having significant work understanding and required scholastic capabilities, it would not be an issue for him to get familiar with the method of working in an alternate country. As indicated by the guidelines drove out by Human Rights Commission, there are some predefined demonstrations while selecting possibility for work reason, which can be ordered as separation in the enlistment procedure. For this situation, it tends to be said that the enlistment procedure ought not be one-sided on the ethnicity of the up-and-comer, in this way the Human Rights commission would engage no racial segregation. Another demonstration that is prohibited by the Human Right Commission is, strict segregation. It very well may be said that, the scouts must remember the enrollment procedure ought not be one-sided on the strict convictions of the competitor as doing so would abuse the laws of separation that is set by the Human Rights Commission in New Zealand (Muriwai, Houkamau Sibley, 2015). In todays world in a large portion of the associations, multicultural foundation is normal including different strict convictions. A few people do a few ceremonies those are significant in their strict branch and some wear various sorts of hairdos, a few people keep whiskers, and associations must regard these (Laudon, 2016). If association limits them from playing out their strict demonstrations the inspiration level of the laborers would endure and indicating any sorts of negative comments in the enrollment procedure with respect to these delicate issues would be considered strict separation. Then again if the spotters separate the competitors as indicated by their race are it in an immediate manner or circuitous methodology it would be certainly included as racial segregation during the time spent enlistment and that isn't at all fair (Muriwai, Houkamau Sibley, 2015). At whatever point the spotters select a competitor being one-sided on other standards separated from the work understanding and the scholarly capability, it very well may be said that segregation is available in the enlistment procedure. The most ideal approach to escape from the cases of separation in the selecting procedure is by employing applicants by intently following the measures created by the administration of the association and keeping up consistency during the time spent the recruiting (Laudon, 2016). Aside from that, the scouts must give a concise insights about why the competitor didn't get chose to dodge these sorts of undesirable claims morally. Bargain of Waitangi can be portrayed as a dull proof of the association of the British lament and the Maori individuals of New Zealand. The bargain occurred pointing a solidarity among the individuals, yet as a rule, various translations and different breaking of the settlement caused a few clashes (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). After 1970, average citizens came to think about this demonstration and the general endeavors to regard the bargain and the principals of the settlement are seen extending in a fast way (Muriwai, Houkamau Sibley, 2015). The bargain of Waitangi is an understanding that was made in the year if 1840, between the ruler of Britain and the Maori individuals of New Zealand. After this settlement, New Zealand turned into a province of Britain and the Maori individuals became he subjects of the British Crown (Bennett Roughan, 2012). Sometimes, British individuals and Maori individuals had distinctive comprehension of this arrangement. As indicated by this arrangement, New Zealand turned into a country having two unique societies, and those are Pakeha and Maori, yet as New Zealand is a nation having multiple societies, the country is broadly known as a multicultural country. The New Zealand Federation of Multicultural Council guarantees the cognizance among the different ethnic networks of the goals, needs and the status of the Maori individuals. The Federation believes that New Zealand is a multicultural nation and in this nation, Maori individuals must have an extraordinary societal position as they are the individuals of the land and in this way they should have some exceptional rights that are expressed under the Treaty of Waitangi (Haar, Roche Taylor, 2012). It is seen that the assorted variety is available in the work environments of New Zealand, and it is compulsory for every one of the representatives to know about these realities and they should attempt to cooperate. Every worker is relied upon to acknowledge the assorted varieties of the eth nicities in the work environment and show regard towards every ethnic gathering. Biculturalism of New Zealand is depicted in different authority explanations are by and large conveyed in Maori language and in English language (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The Institution of IT Professionals is a not-for-profit fused association in the place where there is New Zealand. The IITP advances the instruction and more significant level of expert practice among the IT experts. Prior to 2012, IITP was well known as New Zealand Computer Society Inc. On the main day of work of the representatives, supervisors should weight on the enlistment procedure for the new workers (Laudon, 2016). The point of this acceptance preparing ought to be to let the new joiners to get acclimated with the work culture of the association and to permit them to work with effectiveness inside a limited capacity to focus time. The administration of the associations ought to be cautious with respect to the primary day of work of the new joiners. The administration ought not over-burden the new representatives with data and they ought to clarify what are normal from them and what may be their obligations regarding a straightforward method of working inside the association. The administration ought to participate in utilizing different procedures to permit the new representatives to learn things inside a brief timeframe (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The following thing the administration of the associations ought to take part in clarifying all the human asset approaches of the association to the new representatives with the goal that they don't need to confront any major issues in the work environment. The representatives ought to be given a rundown of rules and guidelines to keep up the ideal office propriety. Maintaining the workplace respectability is a significant issue, in this way the administration should weight on furnishing them with full data in regards to the workplace arrangements. Something else is significant for the administration of the association in the principal day of certain representatives of the association, and that is the administration should gather fundamental contributions from the new joiners toward the finish of their first day at work. These significant information sources will permit the association to act as per the wants of the representatives, so as to keep them upbeat and steadfast towards the association (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). For this situation, Google as an association is setting the correct model for all the business association around the world. Google gives an amicable vibe in the workplace premises for improving the certainty level and the faithfulness of the representatives towards the association. In this way, to finish up, it tends to be said that for the new representatives, the main day at work is a significant day of their vocation, and the association should focus with the goal that the new joiners don't confront any dif ficulties at work and the way of their profession stays liberated from groups. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human asset the executives practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bennett, M. J., Roughan, N. (2012). Rebus sic Stantibus and the Treaty of Waitangi. Haar, J. M., Roche, M., Taylor, D. (2012). Workfamily struggle and turnover goals of indigenous representatives: the significance of the whanau/family for Maori.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(12), 2546-2560. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management data framework. Pearson Education India. Muriwai, E., Houkamau, C. A., Sibley, C. G. (2015). Culture as Cure? The Protective Function of M?ori Cultural Efficacy on Psychological Distress.New Zealand Journal of Psychology,44(2). Orange, C. (2015).The arrangement of Waitangi. Bridget Williams Books. Sorrenson, M. P. K. (2013).Maori roots and movements: The beginning of some Pakeha fantasies and legends. Auckland University Press. Te Huia, A., Liu, J. H. (2012). M?ori culture as a mental resource for New Zealanders cultural assimilation encounters abroad.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(1), 140-150.

To the Class of 2016

To the Class of 2016 After the chaos and confusion that was associated with MIT FPOPs (Freshman Preorientation Programs), orientation, and sorority recruitment, Im finally free to come back to the blogs (: Its not that I havent been thinking of them. In fact, I even wrote a little outline of this blog down on a napkin I just havent had a good chunk of time to sit down and actually type everything out. So here we go: Dear Class of 2016, Welcome to MIT! In the upcoming weeks, youll soon find yourself in the true swing of things at MIT. Classes. Psets. Exams. Eventually, youll learn the true meaning of IHTFP. MIT can be a wonderful or awful place depending on how you decide itll be. Heres just some things to keep in mind as you brave through your first semester here: Keep an open mind. There are some things that you hear before you come to MIT, and even while youre here, that might influence how you perceive things at the Tute. I remember as a freshmen hearing the stereotypes about dorms and greek life, and letting them initially prevent me from making my own decisions about different things on campus. But having been here for a year, you realize that theres always exceptions to the stereotype, and that things you never thought youd like are actually quite likeable. For that reason, keep an open mind. Youll never know what new opportunities might come out of the new things you try and the people you meet. Take care of yourself Sleep. Eat. Exercise. Its easy to let your health slip, especially when its snowing outside and youre stressed about all the work you have due the next week. Dont fall into the pithole though! Your health should be your first priority. If youre not feeling well, youre probably not going to be able to work your best anyways. So if youre tired, dont be afraid to take a nap (theyll become your new favorite pastime). If youre sick, dont be afraid to head over to MIT Medical or your floors MedLink. If youre feeling stressed, take a walk along the Charles or run at the Z center. Youll find youll be much happier if you take care of yourself during your time here.Dont forget to mentally take care of yourself either! By this I mean, make time for yourself. Whether its an hour bridge loop run, painting a picture, or playing your favorite instrument, make sure you have time to decompress. You time is never a waste of time. Youre not alone! During the thick of things, its easy to fall behind. But the important thing to remember is dont be afraid to ask for help. Often times, youll find that youre not the only one confused about specific topics.I remember my Spring semester, I struggled quite a bit. I took on a little too much, and because of all my commitments, I actually failed my first 5.111 test. But after I made it past all my emotions, I realized I needed to actually take action to fix my fifth week flag. I ended up scheduling an appointment with my TA to go over my test, and I found it was pretty helpful. I realized I didnt have a solid understanding on certain topics, which combined with some silly mistakes, resulted in a poor test grade. It happens. As the semester went on, I participated more in recitation and made sure to ask questions, and at the end of the semester, I actually ended up acing the class. Just goes to show you that you can  finish strong even if you struggle at first. Moral of the story is that MITs a challenging place, but youre never alone if you need help. All you need to do is ask.  Dont be afraid to seek help from your TA, your GRT, or your roommate. Dont forget that office hours and S^3 are a good resource. Most importantly though, dont be afraid to admit that you need help. Its something that a many people here, myself included, struggle with sometimes. But often times, youll save yourself a lot of stress and time if you just talk to someone! Do what you love. I cant stress how important this is. MIT has many activities that you can get yourself involved in. Youll find that here, time will become your most precious commodity. For that reason, find what you really love to do and commit the free time you do have to it. If you really love the activity, youll get a lot more out of it and find an awesome community. On the other hand, if you dont really enjoy it, try something else! Theres lots of choices here, so dont settle for second best. Its all about finding what you like. Plus  with PASS/NR you have no reason to not explore MIT :) Best of luck your first semester! Kirsten

Teenage Prescription Drug Abuse Essay - 1427 Words

Teenage Prescription Drug Abuse Years ago, the common image of an adolescent drug abuser was a teen trying to escape from reality on illegal substances like cocaine, heroin, or marijuana. Today, there is a great discrepancy between that perception and the reality of who is likely to abuse drugs. A teenage drug abuser might not have to look any further than his or her parent’s medicine chest to ‘score.’ Prescription drug abuse by teens is on the rise. Also, teens are looking to prescription drugs to fulfill different needs other than to feel good or escape the pressures of adulthood. Teens may be just as likely to resort to drugs with ‘speedy’ side effects, like Ritalin to help them study longer, as they are to use prescription†¦show more content†¦Steroid abuse by teen athletes and abuse of performance-enhancing supplements like creatine is also on the rise (Performance-enhancing drugs and your teen athlete, 2008, The Mayo Clinic). Although some teens may feel jaded and cer tain that they know ‘drugs are bad,’ and drugs fry your brain like the famous fried egg in a pan in the popular television commercial immortalized during the 1980s, many well-educated teens and young adults do not see the same risks inherent in prescription drugs or drugs that make them feel better or run faster (The Partnership’s fried egg message, 2008, Partnership for a Drug-Free America). â€Å"For a sizable group of people in their 20s and 30s, deciding on their own what drugs to take - in particular, stimulants, antidepressants and other psychiatric medications - is becoming the norm. Confident of their abilities and often skeptical of psychiatrists expertise, they choose to rely on their own research and each others experience in treating problems like depression, fatigue, anxiety or a lack of concentration. 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The disparity of daily life in suburbs or the inner cities are why many people have fallen into their reliance on drugs, including alcohol. Patros and Shamoo (1989) describe the abuse of drugs and alcohol as a slow form of suicide. But many drug abusers choose to end their life before drugs have time to claimRead MoreThe Article A World Split Apart 856 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrating that our society is given â€Å"too much† freedom. As a result people cannot handle it, resulting in abuse and misuse of the rights bestowed onto us. This is exceptionally true in the world of medicine; meant for treatment of illness, has led abuse of prescription drugs. How are our prescription drugs being abused? First, an understanding of basic rights to treatment in relation to prescription medications recently enacted. 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Factors Affecting Students Psychological Issues Results...

Not quite clear what you’re doing from this statement. Maybe you want to say something like: â€Å"The research hopes to show that former students with large student debts suffer more psychological problems than those with smaller debts.† You just need to flesh out the details of what you’re thinking more. You tend to put only part of your thought process into words. Correction Paper The Final Research Proposal Miriam R. Macklin University Canyon University October 29, 2014 Introduction Thesis Topic: A study on factors affecting students’ psychological issues results from debts. The research hopes to show that former students with large student debts suffer more psychological problems that those with smaller debts. In this†¦show more content†¦As a result, the debt problems might be limited to students psychologically affected. In this study, what are the supposed health issues that are predictable of drawbacks that following, multiples loans debts. In this study it shows numerous students’ who are stressed believes that there no alternatives but to have multiple loans, to complete their education especially advancing to higher education. Majority of the students complains that continue their education will enhance their pay, and promotions, and as a result the students will fulfill the obligation of the multiple loans. Within this study, the most important goal is to have policy makers to implement strategies as to internships, on the job training, and also be cautions of lending out additional money for education, is not delve, to help stud ents who are optimistic about their educational goals to become pessimistic about the debts that have occurred. As a result, the debt problems might be limited to students psychologically affected. In this study, what are the supposed health issues that are predictable of drawbacks that following, multiples loans debts. In this study, learning that students who will

Audiences and Publics Are Important in Media Convergence Culture Free Essays

string(329) " producers of popular television entertainment – such as soap operas or police dramas – are developing innovative ways to collect audience feedback, and then applying this information to the development of new characters and plotlines, as well as to include the most current social issues in their shows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  \(Deuze, 2007\." SCHOOL OF MEDIA, CULTURE AND CREATIVE ARTS ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET To be attached to all assignments (ALL SECTIONS MUST BE COMPLETED) STUDENT NAME:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦HAO JING WEI†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ STUDENT ID:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15646457†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Audiences and Publics Are Important in Media Convergence Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ UNIT NAME AND NUMBER:†¦MCI212 Consumers, Audiences, Publics and Users DUE DATE:†¦Critical essay 15 October 2012 (by 4pm via email) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. WORD COUNT:†¦1800 – 2200 words †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TUTORIAL DAY AND TIME:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11am to 2pm, Wednesday, C25†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TUTOR’S NAME:†¦Ms. Lai Jia Weng †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT YOUR TUTOR’S NAME IS ON ALL SUBMITTED ASSIGNMENTS DECLARATION: I declare that I have retained a copy of this assignment. I have read and understood Curtin University policies on Plagiarism and Copyright and declare that this assignment complies with these policies. I declare that this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted previously in any form for assessment. Signature:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Hao Jing Wei†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15. 10. 2012†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Audiences and Publics Are Important in Media Convergence Culture Introduction After we have studied about consuming culture through module 1, now all of us should know about consumption better. As we know audiences and publics are important parts in consuming culture – such as audiences purchase goods, shopping, living, traveling, education, services and so on, the world especially the consumption world is all about audiences and publics, at the same time they play a very important role in convergence culture as well. In today’s increasingly digital cultural, the way consumers consume and the way publics and audiences communicate are totally different from the traditional media times. Nowadays, people require both of physical and mental for life satisfaction such as purchase more healthy foods, watch digital TV, go to higher education, have internet services and so on. Convergence culture is the outcome of the rapid development of new information and communication technologies. According to â€Å"†¦Media convergence must also be seen as having a cultural logic of its own, blurring the lines between production and consumption, between making media and using media, between active or passive spectatorship†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Deuze, 2007, p. 74) From this quote we know that media convergence makes several changes between production and consumption, between making media and using media, between active or passive spectatorship of mediated culture. In this essay there are four main points to discuss how audiences and publics play roles in convergence culture. Discussions Firstly, the role audiences and publics play has been changed from passive to active. With the high technology development of media, new media has become more and more important than old media. Back to 20th century, old media such as TV was the main trend in the world and controlled audience. For instance, as we know all the TV programs will follow a fixed schedule, audiences only can watch whatever the TV programmes show, once you miss the show, then you will miss the show ever, unless the TV channels broadcast again. While nowadays, with the digital TV appeared, the audiences have become from passive to active. First of all, the digital TV can broadcast programmes at the same time, and based on â€Å"†¦Another huge advantage of digital television is that digital data takes up less bandwidth, meaning more channels can be broadcast at the same time. This gives viewers much more choice in what they watch and allows for follow up channels which broadcast the same programs as their namesake, just an hour later†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Davies, n. d. ) And â€Å"†¦Digital TV from Telenet: watch whatever you want, whenever you want†¦(Digital television, n. d. ). These mean the audiences can watch different shows at the same time, as well as they can switch programmes to whatever they want to watch. This kind of changes is a big different from analog TV. Next, digital TV allows audiences to pause or record live broadcasts at the click of a button. According to â€Å"†¦With Telenet Digital TV you can pause programs and rewind programs that you have viewed. You can record a program by simply pushing one button and your recording is immediately stored digitally on a hard disk†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Digital television, n. d. ), so you no longer have to miss your favourite TV programmes! And based on â€Å"†¦However, it’s a great leap to presume that the availability of digital networked technologies turns everyone into active participants. †(van Dijak, 2009, p. 44) From these quotes and examples we can see that audiences and publics are not passive any more. Secondly, audiences and publics have more participation and interactive with production company. For instance, Big Brother is a reality TV from United Kingdom and developed in the late 1990s. This TV programme offers audiences go to the onscreen world of the programme, use mobile phones and automatic number redial techniques to try and ensure their candidate in the house emerged the winner. These are two special points of Big Brother. According to â€Å"†¦Over the past 15 years, viewers have increasingly acted as participants in game shows, quizzes, talk shows and make-over programmes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (van Dijak, 2009, p. 3) And â€Å"†¦particularly the surge of reality television has boosted the of ‘ordinary people’ in broadcast productions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Teurlings, 2001) and â€Å"†¦In addition, the popularity of personal and communal media (home movies, home videos, community television) has profoundly affected television culture, particularly since the 1980s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (van Dijak, 2009, p. 43) And based on â€Å"†¦Viewers were encouraged to visit the websites, and for a small subscription fee, could buy additional access to coverage of the more intimate activities, likes and dislikes, directly to the gained from syndicated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ross, 2003, p. ), from these quotes we can see that the audiences have more interactive than before and the production company try to require unprecedented levels of interactivity with public as well. Thirdly, the perspectives of audiences and publics have more influences on programmes producing. Not only TV programmes but also all media programmes need audiences, need public. If a production company produces a programme without listening to the voice of audiences, it is just like flowers are far away from soil, fishes are far away from water. Without audiences, the progranmme is dead sooner or later. Based on â€Å"†¦Similarly, producers of popular television entertainment – such as soap operas or police dramas – are developing innovative ways to collect audience feedback, and then applying this information to the development of new characters and plotlines, as well as to include the most current social issues in their shows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Deuze, 2007. You read "Audiences and Publics Are Important in Media Convergence Culture" in category "Papers" p. 75) And according to â€Å"†¦A very important reason is to understand your audience. The more you know about the types of people in your audience, their backgrounds, their interests, and their preferences, the better you can be at making programs to suit them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Know Your Audience, n. . ) With the development of media convergence, audiences’ interests have become more and more important. â€Å"†¦The intensity of emotional involvement exhibited by viewers of reality TV led programme e xecutives to consider new ways to monitor, channel and exploit viewer interest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ross, 2003, p. 3) From the quotes we can see that audiences’ perspectives play an important role in the development of programmes producing and audience curiosity is subject to commercial exploitation. Fourthly, audiences and publics play more than one roles in media convergence culture. †¢ Audiences as users †¦In the development of a professional identity among media workers, can be illustrated by a November 2005 survey by the Pew Internet and American Life Project among teenagers in the United State, which report concludes:’ Some 57% of online teens create content for the internet. ’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Deuze, 2007, p. 76) And based on â€Å" †¦During 2005, online social network sites like MySpace and Facebook became common destinations for young people in the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boyd, 2005, p. 119) From these quotes, we can see that with the rapid development of Internet technology, social networks appeared into people’s life, especially for the young generation. Facebook is the world’s largest social network, with over 1 billion monthly active users. â€Å"†¦Young people were logging in, creating elaborate profiles, publicly articulating their relationships with other participants, and writing extensive comments back and forth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boyd, 2005, p. 119) Users can create blogs, create or work on a webpage for school, an organizations, or a friend, share original content such as photos, opinions, stories, videos online, or art work and so on. Another example is Sina Weibo. Weibo† in Chinese stands for micro-blog, it has been launched recently in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and North America. Sina Weibo is China’s twitter, it is the hottest mircroblogging services in China now and it’s activity around Chinese Diaspora. â€Å"†¦In Weibo, the user can post pictures and embed videos directly into their feed. Much like in Facebook, the media is thumbnailed and will expand if clicked on instead of opening up a completely new page/tab as in Twitter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Jou, 2012) Based on â€Å"†¦According to Sina, Weibo has a registered total user base of 358 million, of which roughly 36. million active users daily†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Jou, 2012) And according to â€Å"†¦It consumes 90% market shares of China’s microblogging services, with more than 140 million users in less than 2 years, while Twitter gained 200 million users in less than 5 years. It’s new, it’s hot, and it’s becoming bigger and stronger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Falcon, n. d. ) Bade on these data, we can know that social networks have become an important part of people’s life. â€Å"Social network sites are based around profiles, a form of individual (or, less frequently, group) home page, which offers a description of each member. In addition to text, images, and video created by the member, the social network site profile also contains comments from other member and a public list†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Boyd, 2005, p. 123) According to â€Å"†¦Identity refers to our own sense of self and how we are seen by our communities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Social Design, n. d. ) And â€Å"†¦Social Design defines how we understand ourselves and each other and can be broken down into three core elements: Identity, Conversation and Community†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Social Design, n. d. ) Users can create their individual profiles based on their own identity, such s you can design how your homepage looks like, share what you are interested, show privacy information about yourself to public etc. †¢ Audiences as citizen journalists With the social networks appeared, audiences are not only a group of people who receive messages, news and information but also be senders to send information, publish news. Audiences as public also can share information and news in the first place, that is we called citizen journalism. â€Å"†¦Citizen journalism is when private individuals do essentially what professional reporters do – report information†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rogers, n. . ) And â€Å"†¦The Internet gave average people the ability to transmit information globally†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rogers, n. d. ). From these quotes we know that as the development of Internet technology, nowadays everyone could be a journalist to publish what happen around us and around the world. According to â€Å"†¦New media technology, such as social networking and media-sharing websites, in addition to the increasing prevalence of cellular phones, have made citizen journalism more accessible to people worldwide†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Citizen Journalism, n. d. ). We know that citizens can often report breaking news more quickly than professional media reporters. Such as â€Å"†¦two predominant groups of youth published information, calls to action, documentation of policy brutality, and coordinated their planning and activities via Facebook and Twitter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anemic Portrayal of, 2012). Another example is â€Å"†¦was a topic on The Call, and the show’s blog post for the topic incorporates citizen-generated content into the posts. The post starts off with a brief intro by host John Schiumo, a nice fresh statement that goes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"The Call† interactive, 2012) The third example is â€Å"†¦At 10:25 p. . on May 1, 2011, Keith Urbahn, who happened to be the former chief of staff for Donald Rumsfeld but in this case was functioning as a citizen journalist, tweeted: â€Å"So I’m told by a reputable person†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (How citizen journalism, 2012) The last example is â€Å"†¦Online petitions undoubtedly, though, do represent a fabulous means of exercising one’s civic voice and leverage a response from public officials. In this example, New York City restored most of the proposed cuts to its public library budget due†¦ † (Petition power, 2012) As those examples tells us citizen journalism is more and more popular for media audiences. This is the outcome of development of Internet technology and development of mobile phone technology. Today, you can use your mobile phone to surf the internet while watch a TV programme, or watch a programme that was on TV last night on your smartphone while you are on the way to work and so on. There are too many changes in people’s life. Conclusions â€Å"All over the world, as audiences increasingly take control of their media and communications use, traditional business models are being forced to adapt quickly to the new realities of the digital era. † (Convergence Review, 2010. From the quote, we know that audiences and publics play important roles. Everyone has been in an audience, we have all been part of a group of people who come together to experience film, music, foods, traveling or other social activities. In media convergence, â€Å"All media events are audiences events since they require people to hang out in media time-spaces where they physically, ment ally and emotionally engage with media materials, technologies and power structures. † (Ross, 2003. p. 6). Audiences are any group of people who receive a media text, it could be ny format such as Internet, TV news, radio programmes, newspapers and so on. Audiences are not only be audience any more, they also could be consumers and users at the same time in new media terms. They are not a group of people who receive messages and be passive any more, they are more active, participate and interactive with media convergence. Word count: 2106 References Anemic Portrayal of. (n. d). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://mobilekazar. word press. com/2012/02/10/anemic-portrayal-of-the-digital-road-to-egypts-revolution/ Boyd, D. (2005). Why Youth  ¦ Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life’, in Youth, Identity and Digital Media, Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 119-142. Citizen Journalism. (n. d). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://mashable. co m/follo w/topics/citizen-journalism/ Convergence Review. (2010). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://www. dbcde. go v. au/digital_economy/convergence_review/convergence_review_background_paper. html Davies, M. (n. d). The Advantages of Digital TV. Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Advantages-of-Digital-TVid=1425944 Deuze, M. (2007). ‘Creative industries, Convergence Culture and Media Work’ (Extract), in Media Work, Cambridge: Polity, pp. 74-83. Digital television. (n. d). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://telenet. be/business/ en/small/digital-television Falcon, A. (n. d). Twitter Vs. Weibo. Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://www. ho ngkiat. com/blog/things-twitter-can-learn-from-sina-weibo/ How citizen journalism. (2012). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://mobilekazar. wordpress. com/2012/05/04/how-citizen-journalism-drove-the-news-of-bin-ladens-death/ Jou, E. (2012). Why Sina Weibo. Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://kotaku. com/5940025/why-sina-weibo-is-better-than-twitter-even-though-theyre-pretty-much-the-same Know Your Audience. (n. d). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://www. audiencedi alogue. net/kya1a. html Petition power. (2012). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://www. mobilekazar. wo rdpress. com/2012/06/29/petition-power/ Rogers, T. (n. d). What Is Citizen Journalism?. Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://journalism. about. com/od/citizenjournalism/a/whatiscitizen. htm Ross, K. Nightingale, V. (2003). ‘ Audiences Today’, in Media and Audiences: New Perspective, Maidenhead: Open University Press, pp. 1-11. Social Design. (n. d). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://developers. facebook. co m/socialdesign/ Teurlings, J. (2001). ‘Producing the Ordinary: Institutions, Discourses and Practices in Love Game Shows’, Continuum: Journal of Media Cultural Studies 15(2): 249-63. â€Å"The Call† interactive. (2012). Retrieved October 12, 2012 from http://mobilekazar. w ordpress. com/2012/01/25/the-call-interactive-tv-news-gets-expanded-time-slot/ How to cite Audiences and Publics Are Important in Media Convergence Culture, Papers

Kraft Foods Group Management

Executive Summary Kraft Foods Group is one of the largest food companies in the world. The company has had its success due to a number of factors. For instance, the company has one of the best human resources. It respects its employees and encourages them to give the best to the organization. The culture of Kraft Foods Group also gives the company a competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Kraft Foods Group: Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its mission statement, vision and values, as well as the strategies are all in line with the company’s business. They have also been vital to its success. Kraft Foods Group has a culture whereby it is always committed to its social responsibility and ensuring that the community gets a good lifestyle. In doing so, it offers food stuffs that are healthy and of high quality. The company also treats its employees and customers the best way poss ible. Kraft can improve on its current strategies to make it much better. This report will focus on how the current organization design, system and culture contribute to the implementation of its strategies and whether they fit the mission statement. The paper will then give recommendations on changes that can be made to improve the performance of Kraft Foods Group. Organizational design An organization should ensure that it has a design that facilitates the running of its business. It is important to note that the organizational design contributes to its success (Luca, 2009). For instance, a good organizational design is important in improving communication among customers, employees, managers and other stakeholders. In addition, communication is a key factor to the success of an organization. Kraft Foods Group has an organizational design that is usually decentralized. There are various divisions, each of which is headed by a director. The overall organization is headed by the CEO . The CEO communicates to the country directors who then communicate with the division managers. Division managers then communicate to the employees. However, decision making is centralized. This is important in that it ensures fast decision making. It saves on time and costs associated with decision making. The organizational design of this company helps it in implementing its strategies in that each division director is given a chance to make his or her contribution regarding their divisions.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The director presents the issues of their divisions to the planning committee. Strategic plans are then made on how to improve business in the various divisions (Garrow Hirsh, 2008). It is important to note that each division has its own business issues that should be addressed differently. Systems, on the other hand, also play an important role i n implementing the organization’s strategies. Effective systems ensure that strategies are implemented effectively and that this is done in the right way. For instance, some money might be needed for strategies to be effective. Therefore, the systems used in budget preparation should provide the required cash to ensure that the strategy becomes successful. In addition, the systems are also effective in ensuring that employees get the best treatment from the organization. It is imperative to note that the employees are the ones who contribute to the success of the organization. An organization can never move forward without employees. Therefore, there should be better performance appraisal systems that will help in motivating employees. Once employees are motivated, they will support the strategies and make it easy for the strategies to be implemented (Heneman, Fisher Dixon, 2001). Human resources are the most important resources in any organization. They are assets to an org anization and they facilitate its success. No organization can succeed without the right human resource in place. Kraft Foods Group respects its human resource capital and recognizes that it is because of the people that it has been able to reach where it is today. The quality of its employees, their knowledge and expertise are crucial factors to successful strategy implementation. The company is, therefore, usually committed to ensure that all its employees are treated well. This makes the employees feel comfortable, satisfied and able to give their all to the organization. Therefore, human resources have a positive effect on the implementation of Kraft Foods Group strategies (Garrow Hirsh, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Kraft Foods Group: Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Culture is another factor that cannot be ignored when a company wants to implement a new strategy. There are culture s that are rigid, while others are flexible. Today, the business environment is highly dynamic and organizations should have cultures that embrace change to be able to implement strategies that would facilitate success. Kraft Foods Group has a culture that encourages diversity. In addition, its culture is committed to ensuring the wellbeing of customers. Diversity has the ability to bring success to an organization. For instance, hiring different people will increase the chances of innovative ideas being brought forward. Further, a diverse workforce will bring together a wide pool of knowledge, thus more and better strategies can be proposed and implemented. Kraft’s concern about the community and the wellbeing of its customers has created a loyal consumer base. When customers are loyal to an organization’s products and services, they easily support any proposed strategies and ease the implementation process (Pryor et al. 2009). Fit or the lack of fit between the compa ny’s mission, strategy, and organizational components crucial to implementation The mission of Kraft Foods Group is: â€Å"to be North America’s Best Food Beverage Company† (Kraft, 2013). For the company to be the best, it has to implement the best strategies and be composed of the best organizational components. Kraft aims at providing high quality foods to customers, as well as offering the best services. The company is concerned about the health of customers by ensuring that its foods are good for consumers’ health. It is expected that all the activities and strategies carried out by the company should be in line with this mission. There is a fit between the mission, strategy and organizational components at Kraft Foods Group. The company implements strategies that are aimed at ensuring high quality foods and services. For instance, it hires employees who are highly qualified. Such employees are able to produce high quality foods since they have the k nowledge and skills to do so. In addition, they are in a better position to offer high quality services. One of the ways that a company can become the best is by building a strong brand image. Kraft Foods Group has been in the frontline in building a strong brand image through its corporate social responsibility (CSR). This is a strategy that is highly effective in winning the trust of customers and making the company the best.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kraft Foods Group helps in the fight against hunger and at the same time promotes good and healthy lifestyles amongst the people. Kraft Foods Group is committed to eradicating food insecurity. It does this by offering its expertise to create recipes that are affordable to any person (Kraft, 2013). The company has also been working with organizations that fight against hunger in order to give its helping hand. Kraft Foods Group is a neighbor that the community can look upon in times of disasters. Through this strategy, it has been able to create a good brand image and live to its mission of becoming the best in North America. The CSR components complement the strategies since they have contributed to the success of Kraft Foods Group. Over the recent past, the company has been working on changing its culture in order to make it better and more successful in the current business environment (Kraft, 2013). Recommendations/ changes I would make as a CEO Kraft Foods Group has been at the top of the industry in America and in other parts of the world. Its strategies have complemented its business and have been the key to its success. The company has had the best human resource; its organization structure is favorable and has systems that positively impact its business. Kraft Foods Group strives to become the best in North America and the rest of the world. The strategies set and those being set facilitate this course. However, as a CEO there are some few things I would do differently to make the company much better. Some of the changes I would make are discussed below. The organization structure is decentralized. However, the decision making process is centralized. I would decentralize the decision making process if I were the CEO of Kraft Foods Group. The company is committed to diversity and employs people from different ethnicities and races. This increases the chances of hiring an employee base that has a wide pool of knowledge and ideas. In addition, the company hires employees who have high qualifications, knowledge and expertise. Therefore, there are chances that better decisions would be made if the decision making process is decentralized. The process might take time, but the end result will be worth the time. The various knowledge and skills will be brought together and come up with better solutions to problems. The directors of various divisions should be involved in the process. They should also be given the mandate to make decisions related to their divisions. Employees should be involved too. This would not only facilitate better decisions, but it would also motivate the employees. Employees would be in a better position to support the decisions that they are involved in making. At the same time, they would feel they are part of the organization. Another change that I would make is that I would introduce products and services that favor all classes of people. The company is currently known for producing high quality foods that are costly. I would add a low cost strategy to the current differentiation strategy to attract all classes of people. The company will be producing quality products but at a relatively low cost under the low cost strategy. Such products would not be of high quality like the differentiated products, but they would also be worth the relatively lower cost. I would, therefore, change the differentiation strategy and make it a focus strategy. In this regard, the company would focus on various market segments and produce goods depending on the needs of those customers. References Garrow, V., Hirsh, W. (2008). Talent management: Issues of focus and fit. Public Personnel Management, 37(4), 389-403. Heneman, R. L., Fisher, M. M., Dixon, K. E. (2001). Reward and organizational systems alignment: An expert system. Compensation Benefits Review, 33(6), 18-29. Kraft (2013). Kraft. Retrieved from https://www.kraftheinzcompany.com/ Luca, A., M. (2006). Organizational design. Power Point Presentatio n. Pryor, M. G, Singleton, L. P., Taneja, S., Toobs, L. A. (2009). Teaming as a strategic and tactical tool: An analysis with recommendations. International Journal of Management, 26(2), 320-334. This case study on Kraft Foods Group: Management was written and submitted by user Nickolas U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition of Aggregate Demand

Definition of Aggregate Demand Definition: Aggregate demand is the sum of all demand in an economy. This can be computed by adding the expenditure on consumer goods and services, investment, and net exports (total exports minus total imports). Terms related to Aggregate Demand: DemandSpeculative DemandAggregate Supply About.Com Resources on Aggregate Demand: Aggregate Demand Aggregate Supply Practice QuestionCost-Push Inflation vs. Demand-Pull InflationSupply Shocks, Demand Shocks and the AD/AS Model Writing a Term Paper? Here are a few starting points for research on Aggregate Demand: Books on Aggregate Demand: Aggregate Demand and MacRoeconomic Imbalances in Thailand: Simulations With the Siam 1 ModelThe Federal Reserves response to aggregate demand and aggregate supply shocksAggregate Demand, Productivity, and Disguised Unemployment in the Chinese Industrial Sector Journal Articles on Aggregate Demand: The Dynamic Effects of Aggregate Demand and Supply DisturbancesCredit, Money, and Aggregate DemandAggregate Demand Management in Search Equilibrium

Emperor Charles III - Charles the Fat

Emperor Charles III - Charles the Fat Charles III was also known as: Charles the Fat; in French, Charles Le Gros; in German, Karl Der Dicke. Charles III was known for: Being the last of the Carolingian line of emperors. Charles acquired most of his lands through a series of unexpected and unfortunate deaths, then proved unable to secure the empire against Viking invasion and was deposed. Although he had control of what was to become France for a short while, Charles III is not usually counted as one of the kings of France. Occupations: King Emperor Places of Residence and Influence: EuropeFrance Important Dates: Born:  839Becomes King of Swabia: Aug. 28, 876Becomes King of Italy: 879Crowned Emperor: Feb. 12, 881Inherits Louis the Youngers Holdings: 882Reunites Empire: 885Deposed: 887Died:  , 888 About Charles III: Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German, who was the son of Louis the Pious and the grandson of Charlemagne. Louis the German arranged marriages for his sons, and Charles was wed to Richardis, the daughter of Count Erchangar of Alemannia.   Louis the German did not control all the territory that his father and grandfather had ruled. That empire had been divided among Louis and his brothers Lothair and Charles the Bald. Although Louis had successfully kept his portion of the empire together against first his brothers, then outer forces, and finally a rebellion by his eldest son Carloman, he decided to divide his lands, according to the Frankish tradition of gavelkind, among his own three sons. Carloman was given Bavaria and much of what is today Austria; Louis the Younger got Franconia, Saxony and Thuringia; and Charles received territory that included Alemannia and Rhaetia, which would later be called Swabia.    When Louis the German died in 876, Charles acceded to the throne of Swabia. Then, in 879, Carloman took ill and resigned; he would die a year later. Charles obtained what was then the kingdom of Italy from his dying brother. Pope John VIII decided that Charles would be his best bet in defending the papacy from Arab threats; and so he crowned Charles emperor and his wife Richardis empress on February 12, 881. Unfortunately for the pope, Charles was too concerned with matters in his own lands to help him out. In 882, Louis the Younger died from injuries sustained in a riding accident, and Charles acquired most of the lands his father had held, becoming king of all the East Franks.   The rest of the empire of Charlemagne had come under the control of Charles the Bald and then his son, Louis the Stammerer. Now two sons of Louis the Stammerer each ruled portions of their late fathers territory. Louis III died in 882 and his brother Carloman died in 884; neither of them had legitimate children. There was a third son of Louis the Stammerer: the future Charles the Simple; but he was only five years old. Charles III was regarded as a better protector of the empire and was chosen to succeed his cousins. Thus, in 885, primarily by inheriting land, Charles III reunited almost all the territory once ruled by Charlemagne, but for Provence, which had been taken by the usurper Boso. Unfortunately, Charles was beset by illness, and was not possessed of the energy and ambition that his predecessors had displayed in building and maintaining the empire. Though he was concerned by Viking activity, he failed to stop their advances, brokering a treaty in 882 with Northmen on the Meuse River that allowed them to settle in Frisia, and paying a tribute to an even more aggressive contingent of Danes who threatened Paris in 886. Neither solution proved particularly beneficial to Charles and his people, especially the latter, which resulted in the Danes pillaging much of Burgundy.   Charles was known to be generous and pious, but he had difficulty dealing with the nobility and was heavily influenced by a much-hated advisor, Liutward, who Charles was ultimately forced to dismiss. This, combined with his inability to halt the progress of the Vikings,  made him an easy target for insurrection. His nephew Arnulf, the illegitimate son of his eldest brother Carloman, had the qualities of leadership that Charles lacked, and in the summer of 887 a general rebellion flared up in support of the younger man. Unable to garner any real backing, Charles eventually agreed to abdicate. He retired to an estate in Swabia that Arnulf granted to him, and died on January 13, 888. In 887 the empire was divided into Western Francia, Burgundy, Italy, and Eastern Francia or the Teutonic Kingdom, which would be governed by Arnulf. Further war was not far off, and the empire of Charlemagne would never again be one cohesive entity. More Charles III Resources: Charles III in Print The compare prices link below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. The visit merchant link leads directly to an online bookstore; neither About.com nor Melissa Snell is responsible for any purchases you may make through this link. Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire(Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series)by Simon MacLeanVisit merchantThe Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europeby Pierre Richà ©; translated by Michael Idomir AllenCompare prices The Carolingian Empire Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2014-2016  Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is   not  granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission,  please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/cwho/fl/Emperor-Charles-III.htm

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example Leadership Development Challenges – an Analysis Among many challenges that HR faces, leadership development is one of the most crucial for developing organization’s capability to accomplish leadership tasks at different levels and meet company objectives. It will be most appropriate, at this juncture, to quote Peter Drucker before describing how HRM can play a pivotal role in solving the leadership development issue. â€Å"It (leadership) is not ‘making friends and influencing people’ – that is flattery. Leadership is lifting a person’s vision to higher sights, the raising of a person’s performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations" (Drucker, 1986 p.159). Drucker has succinctly described leadership requirements in the above sentences; however, it is crucial to explore why leadership development has become so important in the current times. In wake of globalization, the business environmen t has changed drastically. In the last decade or so, changes have happened so rapidly that future has become unpredictable. Challenges are so complicated that there are no straight solutions to the problems involved. The world has become increasingly seamless and resources move quickly across the globe. Even small changes lead to large effects in any organization. Solutions need to emerge from within as they cannot come from outside. That is where leadership development challenges of HRM are significant in the years to come.

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance - Essay Example The free movement of goods, services, capital and labour which resulted from the Single Market Programme meant that the member state would be constrained from imposing increases in taxes and regulation which would surely reduce benefits due to increase domestic production costs. To facilitate further trade, the European Union embarked on a venture of establishing a single currency for its members. The result of the EU monetary union was the euro. This currency is currently used by Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Monaco, San Marino while the Vatican City are licensed to issue and use the euro (UK DTI). It would be the interest of this paper to explore whether this move by UK affected its foreign direct investments economy due to its refraining from a supposedly beneficial single currency. It will also delve, to a limited degree, in the effects of EU enlargement in the UK's FDI. Business Aversion: The Case for Toyota and Nissan In the year 2000, the United Kingdom was threatened with pullouts from major industry players. Industrialists, one after the other, have warned that unless the UK joins Euroland, they will be forced to move their operations out of the country. One of the most prominent of this pro-Euro group is the Nissan Motor Company (UK) which manufactures automobiles from its plant in Sunderland. In April 2000, John Cushnaghan, managing director of Nissan (UK) announced that the high value of the pound was imposing an "unsupportable burden" brought about by exchange rates fluctuations. By May of the same year, the company claimed the strength of the Sterling against the Euro necessitated the need to cut costs by 30 percent. This loss, according to them, could force the company to transfer the production of the next generation of the Micra to be built in French and Spanish Factories transferring a 150 million investment (North, 2005). Another case would be that of the Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) LTD which required its British suppliers to use euro for its financial transactions with the company. The move was brought about by the 1999 operating loss in British operations (BBC, 2000). The requirement, Toyota claims, would reduce the risk to the company that it could lose money when converting euros to sterling in order to pay British suppliers (CNN, 2000). Toyota (UK) has a passenger car plant in Derbyshire producing Avensis and Corolla with an initial investment of 1.1billion. It also has an Engine Plant in North Wales with an initial investment of 400m. (Toyota Online, 2006) Toyota has also expressed its propensity to shop around in euro-friendly countries for cheaper goods if the pound remained high. Yoshio Ishizaka, a senior managing director for Toyota, said his

Searching for Assata :: essays research papers

Searching for Assata I thought long and hard about the type of creative project I wanted to do for my Gender & Society class. This project is a really cool one, in which gender and the things I learned in class would be combined. At first, I was going to interview four teenage African-American girls about their experiences about being Black and female in this society. Due to technical difficulties (raggedly camcorder), I was not able to complete that task. Then I thought about doing a feminist critique of Scarlett O’Hara, the main character from â€Å"Gone with the Wind† but that type of thing is for a ten-page paper, not a creative project. Finally, I decided to do a collage depicting the life of Assata Shakur, one of the most wrongly convicted individuals in U.S. history. Her story is a sad chapter in American history, in which the color of her skin, social class, political affiliation, and gender played a role in her subsequent exile from her homeland. On May 2 1973, racial prejudice would change the life of Assata Shakur forever. An incident of what would now be labeled "racial profiling" takes place on the New Jersey Turnpike. Ms. Shakur, an active participant in the Black Liberation Army (BLA), was traveling with friends, Malik Zayad Shakur and Sundiata Acoli when state troopers stopped them, reportedly because of a broken headlight. A trooper explained that they were "suspicious" because they had Vermont license plates. The three were made to exit the car with their hands up. All of a sudden, shots were fired. When it was all over, state trooper Werner Foerster and Malik Shakur were killed. Ms. Shakur and Mr. Acoli were charged with the deaths of state trooper Foerster and Zayd Malik Shakur. While held in jail, she was shackled and chained to a bed, with bullet wounds still in her chest. She was also forced to undergo the jabs of shotgun butts of the New Jersey State troopers and heard their voices shouting Nazi slogans an d threats to her life. In the history of New Jersey state, no female prisoner had ever been treated as she, confined to a men’s prison, under twenty-four hour surveillance of her most intimate bodily functions. Ms. Shakur and Mr. Acoli were eventually sentenced to 30 years plus life. Although the verdict was no surprise since it was an all-White jury who convicted them, many questioned the racial injustice of the trial because it was riddled with many human rights violations and constitutional errors.

Ethics and Moral Reasoning Essay

Even though living in pain can be a physical and emotional toll on a person’s life, no one can judge or comment on it without knowing how it feels, but choosing to end your life for this cause is ethically wrong. A person should not be able to choose between life and death like it is something normal that we do every day. Dying is not the answer to a person’s problems, pains, or sufferings. Now a day technology and medicine are highly advanced and can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. Choosing to end your life is basically committing suicide and suicide is wrong. First, I believe a person should not be able to choose whether they will live or die because dying will ease the pain and suffering they are experiencing but it is not the answer to their problems. People do not realize that by choosing to die they cause problems, pain and suffering to others. For example, a person may choose to die and have a big medical bill in which his spouse or family will be responsible for and not be able to afford it. Now because of his/her acts this family will be stuck with the financial problems left behind which can cause the person suffering due to financial burdens when they cannot afford it. Then to think on funeral expenses, and how the adults will explain it to children who might be too young to understand why was this chosen. Now a day medicine can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. As I researched on the web I found that because of the â€Å"rapid and dramatic development in medicine and technology professionals have the power to save more lives.† For example, when a person has cancer they undergo chemo and/or radiation. Some people have it with success and kill the cancer cells while others don’t. We also have people with AIDS who can live their life pain and symptom free thanks to medicine they have to ta ke and things they have to undergo. Living with AIDS is a good example on a disease that is terminal and there is no cure for it but there are medicines that can and will help a person live life for many years and with very little to no problems. By ending life with the assistance of a doctor or medicine is basically committing assisted suicide and this is wrong and should not be assisted or encourage. Life is a gift from God and a person should not decide the end of it. Having a doctor assist you and give you medicine to end your life  whether it is to end your pain and suffering from a terminal disease is as bad as putting a gun to your head. I believe that having assisted suicide most people abuse it and think it’s the only way out. Some might even doing in despair or they might be desperate to stop all the pain they are in. Others might feel depressed in knowing they have a disease they might not be able to cure and will eventually die from. Ending a life due to medical issue is morally and ethically wrong and people should let the disease run its course. I don’t know how it is to live in pain and the physical and emotional toll it can have on someone. I cannot judge or comment on any person’s situation but a person should not be able to choose whether they will live or die. I believe it is selfish on their part to choose to end their life and should realize that dying will not stop the problems, pains, or sufferings. It will stop on their part because they will not be here to live it but it would not stop for the family and can even get worse with the death of that person. Medicine and technology are highly advanced and can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. There are many medicines and equipment used to ease, stop and even prevent pain. When a person is choosing to end their life they are basically planning on committing suicide. People should look into the consequences it will bring if t hey do choose to end their life before even mentioning it. References: Assisted Suicide: A Right or a Wrong?. (n.d.). Assisted Suicide: A Right or a Wrong?. Retrieved July 7, 2014, from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n1/suicide.html Physician-assisted Suicide: The Wrong Approach to End of Life Care. (n.d.). Physician-assisted Suicide: The Wrong Approach to End of Life Care. Retrieved July 7, 2014, from http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/assisted-suicide/to-live-each-day/physician-assisted-sucide-wrong-approach.cfm

Argumentative Synthesis Letter from Birmingham Jail

Kc Abakporo English 102 – 4353 Instructor – Joshua Barnes 7/2/13 The Everlasting Voice of Understanding During the 1960’s of American history violent acts were aimed at African Americans in the name of racism and segregation. In a case such as this one, many would seek refuge from the government, but to little surprise, cries for refuge went unanswered. Making matters worse was the fact that the Government allowed segregation to continue due to legal documents in many southern states. Acceptable forms of oppression were separated into four categories: racial segregation; voter suppression, in southern states; denial of economic opportunity; private acts of violence aimed at African Americans. At this time, many civil rights laws were†¦show more content†¦King to continue â€Å"waiting† but 340 years is ample time to wait. King continues to say that some of the preachers of God have understood the need for justice, but some have suppressed the blacks themselves. He believes that the preachers have to break the traditional, un justified rules of the society to allow for the freedom of the children of God. The true meaning of the Bible lies in justice and co-existence. He wants moral justice to overcome the traditional norms which were unjust in nature. He conveys this message well in his letter. He further writes: â€Å"One day the South will know that when these disinherited children of God sat down at lunch counters, they were in reality standing up for what is best in the American dream and for the most sacred values in our Judaeo-Christian heritage† (King 6). King also uses quotes from the Bible to further involve the emotional attachment of the people with the Bible. He compares himself with Apostle Paul when he says that he is going to carry the gospel of freedom to the places beyond his native town. This served two purposes. On one hand, he could reach out to the illiterate people who knew of Paul through churches, and on the other hand, he made it clear that he was undertaking a big mission . So, the whites were expected to come to support him in the name of god. Besides using the name of god to appeal to the people, King presents the real scenario of the life of the African American people to arouse sympathy