Definition of Aggregate Demand

Definition of Aggregate Demand Definition: Aggregate demand is the sum of all demand in an economy. This can be computed by adding the expenditure on consumer goods and services, investment, and net exports (total exports minus total imports). Terms related to Aggregate Demand: DemandSpeculative DemandAggregate Supply About.Com Resources on Aggregate Demand: Aggregate Demand Aggregate Supply Practice QuestionCost-Push Inflation vs. Demand-Pull InflationSupply Shocks, Demand Shocks and the AD/AS Model Writing a Term Paper? Here are a few starting points for research on Aggregate Demand: Books on Aggregate Demand: Aggregate Demand and MacRoeconomic Imbalances in Thailand: Simulations With the Siam 1 ModelThe Federal Reserves response to aggregate demand and aggregate supply shocksAggregate Demand, Productivity, and Disguised Unemployment in the Chinese Industrial Sector Journal Articles on Aggregate Demand: The Dynamic Effects of Aggregate Demand and Supply DisturbancesCredit, Money, and Aggregate DemandAggregate Demand Management in Search Equilibrium

Emperor Charles III - Charles the Fat

Emperor Charles III - Charles the Fat Charles III was also known as: Charles the Fat; in French, Charles Le Gros; in German, Karl Der Dicke. Charles III was known for: Being the last of the Carolingian line of emperors. Charles acquired most of his lands through a series of unexpected and unfortunate deaths, then proved unable to secure the empire against Viking invasion and was deposed. Although he had control of what was to become France for a short while, Charles III is not usually counted as one of the kings of France. Occupations: King Emperor Places of Residence and Influence: EuropeFrance Important Dates: Born:  839Becomes King of Swabia: Aug. 28, 876Becomes King of Italy: 879Crowned Emperor: Feb. 12, 881Inherits Louis the Youngers Holdings: 882Reunites Empire: 885Deposed: 887Died:  , 888 About Charles III: Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German, who was the son of Louis the Pious and the grandson of Charlemagne. Louis the German arranged marriages for his sons, and Charles was wed to Richardis, the daughter of Count Erchangar of Alemannia.   Louis the German did not control all the territory that his father and grandfather had ruled. That empire had been divided among Louis and his brothers Lothair and Charles the Bald. Although Louis had successfully kept his portion of the empire together against first his brothers, then outer forces, and finally a rebellion by his eldest son Carloman, he decided to divide his lands, according to the Frankish tradition of gavelkind, among his own three sons. Carloman was given Bavaria and much of what is today Austria; Louis the Younger got Franconia, Saxony and Thuringia; and Charles received territory that included Alemannia and Rhaetia, which would later be called Swabia.    When Louis the German died in 876, Charles acceded to the throne of Swabia. Then, in 879, Carloman took ill and resigned; he would die a year later. Charles obtained what was then the kingdom of Italy from his dying brother. Pope John VIII decided that Charles would be his best bet in defending the papacy from Arab threats; and so he crowned Charles emperor and his wife Richardis empress on February 12, 881. Unfortunately for the pope, Charles was too concerned with matters in his own lands to help him out. In 882, Louis the Younger died from injuries sustained in a riding accident, and Charles acquired most of the lands his father had held, becoming king of all the East Franks.   The rest of the empire of Charlemagne had come under the control of Charles the Bald and then his son, Louis the Stammerer. Now two sons of Louis the Stammerer each ruled portions of their late fathers territory. Louis III died in 882 and his brother Carloman died in 884; neither of them had legitimate children. There was a third son of Louis the Stammerer: the future Charles the Simple; but he was only five years old. Charles III was regarded as a better protector of the empire and was chosen to succeed his cousins. Thus, in 885, primarily by inheriting land, Charles III reunited almost all the territory once ruled by Charlemagne, but for Provence, which had been taken by the usurper Boso. Unfortunately, Charles was beset by illness, and was not possessed of the energy and ambition that his predecessors had displayed in building and maintaining the empire. Though he was concerned by Viking activity, he failed to stop their advances, brokering a treaty in 882 with Northmen on the Meuse River that allowed them to settle in Frisia, and paying a tribute to an even more aggressive contingent of Danes who threatened Paris in 886. Neither solution proved particularly beneficial to Charles and his people, especially the latter, which resulted in the Danes pillaging much of Burgundy.   Charles was known to be generous and pious, but he had difficulty dealing with the nobility and was heavily influenced by a much-hated advisor, Liutward, who Charles was ultimately forced to dismiss. This, combined with his inability to halt the progress of the Vikings,  made him an easy target for insurrection. His nephew Arnulf, the illegitimate son of his eldest brother Carloman, had the qualities of leadership that Charles lacked, and in the summer of 887 a general rebellion flared up in support of the younger man. Unable to garner any real backing, Charles eventually agreed to abdicate. He retired to an estate in Swabia that Arnulf granted to him, and died on January 13, 888. In 887 the empire was divided into Western Francia, Burgundy, Italy, and Eastern Francia or the Teutonic Kingdom, which would be governed by Arnulf. Further war was not far off, and the empire of Charlemagne would never again be one cohesive entity. More Charles III Resources: Charles III in Print The compare prices link below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. The visit merchant link leads directly to an online bookstore; neither About.com nor Melissa Snell is responsible for any purchases you may make through this link. Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire(Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series)by Simon MacLeanVisit merchantThe Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europeby Pierre Richà ©; translated by Michael Idomir AllenCompare prices The Carolingian Empire Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2014-2016  Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is   not  granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission,  please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/cwho/fl/Emperor-Charles-III.htm

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example Leadership Development Challenges – an Analysis Among many challenges that HR faces, leadership development is one of the most crucial for developing organization’s capability to accomplish leadership tasks at different levels and meet company objectives. It will be most appropriate, at this juncture, to quote Peter Drucker before describing how HRM can play a pivotal role in solving the leadership development issue. â€Å"It (leadership) is not ‘making friends and influencing people’ – that is flattery. Leadership is lifting a person’s vision to higher sights, the raising of a person’s performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations" (Drucker, 1986 p.159). Drucker has succinctly described leadership requirements in the above sentences; however, it is crucial to explore why leadership development has become so important in the current times. In wake of globalization, the business environmen t has changed drastically. In the last decade or so, changes have happened so rapidly that future has become unpredictable. Challenges are so complicated that there are no straight solutions to the problems involved. The world has become increasingly seamless and resources move quickly across the globe. Even small changes lead to large effects in any organization. Solutions need to emerge from within as they cannot come from outside. That is where leadership development challenges of HRM are significant in the years to come.

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Monetary Union and UKs Defiance - Essay Example The free movement of goods, services, capital and labour which resulted from the Single Market Programme meant that the member state would be constrained from imposing increases in taxes and regulation which would surely reduce benefits due to increase domestic production costs. To facilitate further trade, the European Union embarked on a venture of establishing a single currency for its members. The result of the EU monetary union was the euro. This currency is currently used by Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Monaco, San Marino while the Vatican City are licensed to issue and use the euro (UK DTI). It would be the interest of this paper to explore whether this move by UK affected its foreign direct investments economy due to its refraining from a supposedly beneficial single currency. It will also delve, to a limited degree, in the effects of EU enlargement in the UK's FDI. Business Aversion: The Case for Toyota and Nissan In the year 2000, the United Kingdom was threatened with pullouts from major industry players. Industrialists, one after the other, have warned that unless the UK joins Euroland, they will be forced to move their operations out of the country. One of the most prominent of this pro-Euro group is the Nissan Motor Company (UK) which manufactures automobiles from its plant in Sunderland. In April 2000, John Cushnaghan, managing director of Nissan (UK) announced that the high value of the pound was imposing an "unsupportable burden" brought about by exchange rates fluctuations. By May of the same year, the company claimed the strength of the Sterling against the Euro necessitated the need to cut costs by 30 percent. This loss, according to them, could force the company to transfer the production of the next generation of the Micra to be built in French and Spanish Factories transferring a 150 million investment (North, 2005). Another case would be that of the Toyota Motor Manufacturing (UK) LTD which required its British suppliers to use euro for its financial transactions with the company. The move was brought about by the 1999 operating loss in British operations (BBC, 2000). The requirement, Toyota claims, would reduce the risk to the company that it could lose money when converting euros to sterling in order to pay British suppliers (CNN, 2000). Toyota (UK) has a passenger car plant in Derbyshire producing Avensis and Corolla with an initial investment of 1.1billion. It also has an Engine Plant in North Wales with an initial investment of 400m. (Toyota Online, 2006) Toyota has also expressed its propensity to shop around in euro-friendly countries for cheaper goods if the pound remained high. Yoshio Ishizaka, a senior managing director for Toyota, said his

Searching for Assata :: essays research papers

Searching for Assata I thought long and hard about the type of creative project I wanted to do for my Gender & Society class. This project is a really cool one, in which gender and the things I learned in class would be combined. At first, I was going to interview four teenage African-American girls about their experiences about being Black and female in this society. Due to technical difficulties (raggedly camcorder), I was not able to complete that task. Then I thought about doing a feminist critique of Scarlett O’Hara, the main character from â€Å"Gone with the Wind† but that type of thing is for a ten-page paper, not a creative project. Finally, I decided to do a collage depicting the life of Assata Shakur, one of the most wrongly convicted individuals in U.S. history. Her story is a sad chapter in American history, in which the color of her skin, social class, political affiliation, and gender played a role in her subsequent exile from her homeland. On May 2 1973, racial prejudice would change the life of Assata Shakur forever. An incident of what would now be labeled "racial profiling" takes place on the New Jersey Turnpike. Ms. Shakur, an active participant in the Black Liberation Army (BLA), was traveling with friends, Malik Zayad Shakur and Sundiata Acoli when state troopers stopped them, reportedly because of a broken headlight. A trooper explained that they were "suspicious" because they had Vermont license plates. The three were made to exit the car with their hands up. All of a sudden, shots were fired. When it was all over, state trooper Werner Foerster and Malik Shakur were killed. Ms. Shakur and Mr. Acoli were charged with the deaths of state trooper Foerster and Zayd Malik Shakur. While held in jail, she was shackled and chained to a bed, with bullet wounds still in her chest. She was also forced to undergo the jabs of shotgun butts of the New Jersey State troopers and heard their voices shouting Nazi slogans an d threats to her life. In the history of New Jersey state, no female prisoner had ever been treated as she, confined to a men’s prison, under twenty-four hour surveillance of her most intimate bodily functions. Ms. Shakur and Mr. Acoli were eventually sentenced to 30 years plus life. Although the verdict was no surprise since it was an all-White jury who convicted them, many questioned the racial injustice of the trial because it was riddled with many human rights violations and constitutional errors.

Ethics and Moral Reasoning Essay

Even though living in pain can be a physical and emotional toll on a person’s life, no one can judge or comment on it without knowing how it feels, but choosing to end your life for this cause is ethically wrong. A person should not be able to choose between life and death like it is something normal that we do every day. Dying is not the answer to a person’s problems, pains, or sufferings. Now a day technology and medicine are highly advanced and can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. Choosing to end your life is basically committing suicide and suicide is wrong. First, I believe a person should not be able to choose whether they will live or die because dying will ease the pain and suffering they are experiencing but it is not the answer to their problems. People do not realize that by choosing to die they cause problems, pain and suffering to others. For example, a person may choose to die and have a big medical bill in which his spouse or family will be responsible for and not be able to afford it. Now because of his/her acts this family will be stuck with the financial problems left behind which can cause the person suffering due to financial burdens when they cannot afford it. Then to think on funeral expenses, and how the adults will explain it to children who might be too young to understand why was this chosen. Now a day medicine can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. As I researched on the web I found that because of the â€Å"rapid and dramatic development in medicine and technology professionals have the power to save more lives.† For example, when a person has cancer they undergo chemo and/or radiation. Some people have it with success and kill the cancer cells while others don’t. We also have people with AIDS who can live their life pain and symptom free thanks to medicine they have to ta ke and things they have to undergo. Living with AIDS is a good example on a disease that is terminal and there is no cure for it but there are medicines that can and will help a person live life for many years and with very little to no problems. By ending life with the assistance of a doctor or medicine is basically committing assisted suicide and this is wrong and should not be assisted or encourage. Life is a gift from God and a person should not decide the end of it. Having a doctor assist you and give you medicine to end your life  whether it is to end your pain and suffering from a terminal disease is as bad as putting a gun to your head. I believe that having assisted suicide most people abuse it and think it’s the only way out. Some might even doing in despair or they might be desperate to stop all the pain they are in. Others might feel depressed in knowing they have a disease they might not be able to cure and will eventually die from. Ending a life due to medical issue is morally and ethically wrong and people should let the disease run its course. I don’t know how it is to live in pain and the physical and emotional toll it can have on someone. I cannot judge or comment on any person’s situation but a person should not be able to choose whether they will live or die. I believe it is selfish on their part to choose to end their life and should realize that dying will not stop the problems, pains, or sufferings. It will stop on their part because they will not be here to live it but it would not stop for the family and can even get worse with the death of that person. Medicine and technology are highly advanced and can cure or reduce the pain of a person with a disease. There are many medicines and equipment used to ease, stop and even prevent pain. When a person is choosing to end their life they are basically planning on committing suicide. People should look into the consequences it will bring if t hey do choose to end their life before even mentioning it. References: Assisted Suicide: A Right or a Wrong?. (n.d.). Assisted Suicide: A Right or a Wrong?. Retrieved July 7, 2014, from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n1/suicide.html Physician-assisted Suicide: The Wrong Approach to End of Life Care. (n.d.). Physician-assisted Suicide: The Wrong Approach to End of Life Care. Retrieved July 7, 2014, from http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/assisted-suicide/to-live-each-day/physician-assisted-sucide-wrong-approach.cfm

Argumentative Synthesis Letter from Birmingham Jail

Kc Abakporo English 102 – 4353 Instructor – Joshua Barnes 7/2/13 The Everlasting Voice of Understanding During the 1960’s of American history violent acts were aimed at African Americans in the name of racism and segregation. In a case such as this one, many would seek refuge from the government, but to little surprise, cries for refuge went unanswered. Making matters worse was the fact that the Government allowed segregation to continue due to legal documents in many southern states. Acceptable forms of oppression were separated into four categories: racial segregation; voter suppression, in southern states; denial of economic opportunity; private acts of violence aimed at African Americans. At this time, many civil rights laws were†¦show more content†¦King to continue â€Å"waiting† but 340 years is ample time to wait. King continues to say that some of the preachers of God have understood the need for justice, but some have suppressed the blacks themselves. He believes that the preachers have to break the traditional, un justified rules of the society to allow for the freedom of the children of God. The true meaning of the Bible lies in justice and co-existence. He wants moral justice to overcome the traditional norms which were unjust in nature. He conveys this message well in his letter. He further writes: â€Å"One day the South will know that when these disinherited children of God sat down at lunch counters, they were in reality standing up for what is best in the American dream and for the most sacred values in our Judaeo-Christian heritage† (King 6). King also uses quotes from the Bible to further involve the emotional attachment of the people with the Bible. He compares himself with Apostle Paul when he says that he is going to carry the gospel of freedom to the places beyond his native town. This served two purposes. On one hand, he could reach out to the illiterate people who knew of Paul through churches, and on the other hand, he made it clear that he was undertaking a big mission . So, the whites were expected to come to support him in the name of god. Besides using the name of god to appeal to the people, King presents the real scenario of the life of the African American people to arouse sympathy